Final report realised by L.Sanders (coord.), J-M Favaro, B.Glisse, H.Mathian, D.Pumain in the framework of the European program" Time-Geographical approaches to Emergence and Sustainable Societies", (TIGrESS ,EVG3-2001-00024, directed by N. Winder, www.tigress.ac), mars 2006 with collaborations of A.Bretagnolle, C.Buxeda, C.Didelon, F.Durand-Dastès, F.Paulus, C.Rozenblat, C.Vacchiani.